Predicting infections using computational intelligence – A systematic review

Infections encompass a set of medical conditions of very diverse kinds that can pose a significant risk to health, and even death. As with many other diseases, early diagnosis can help to provide patients with proper care to minimize the damage produced by the disease, or to isolate them to avoid the risk of spread. In this context, computational intelligence can be useful to predict the risk of infection in patients, raising early alarms that can aid medical teams to respond as quick as possible. In this paper, we survey the state of the art on infection prediction using computer science by means of a systematic literature review. The objective is to find papers where computational intelligence is used to predict infections in patients using physiological data as features. We have posed one major research question along with nine specific subquestions. The whole review process is thoroughly described, and eight databases are considered which index most of the literature published in different scholarly formats. A total of 101 relevant documents have been found in the period comprised between 2003 and 2019, and a detailed study of these documents is carried out to classify the works and answer the research questions posed, resulting to our best knowledge in the most comprehensive study of its kind. We conclude that the most widely addressed infection is by far sepsis, followed by Clostridium difficile infection and surgical site infections. Most works use machine learning techniques, from which logistic regression, support vector machines, random forest and naive Bayes are the most common. Some machine learning works provide some ideas on the problems of small data and class imbalance, which can be of interest. The current systematic literature review shows that automatic diagnosis of infectious diseases using computational intelligence is well documented in the medical literature.publishedVersio

Criterios de implementación ISO 14000:2015 Caso. Estudio sector Empresa Arcillas de Colombia S.A.

Caso práctico de auditoría realizada en una empresa cuya actividad industrial es la producción y comercialización de productos a base arcilla para la construcción, actividad con la cual se evalúa y verifica el cumplimiento de la empresa, frete a los parámetros y requisitos contemplados en la normatividad ambiental vigente y en la Norma Técnica Colombiana ISO14001:2015, “Sistemas de Gestión Ambiental”; por lo anterior se realiza un recorrido por las instalaciones, donde se efectúa una evaluación y análisis de los procesos productivos, infraestructura y equipos, acompañando de una revisión documental en materia de permisos ambientales, registros de control y prevención ambiental. En base lo antes descrito, se obtiene la información pertinente para elaborar el trabajo de grado, en el cual se demuestra mediante un ejercicio de auditoria real, los conocimientos y habilidades adquiridas dentro de la opción de grado, Diplomado de Profundización en Gerencia del Sistema Integrado de Gestión en Seguridad, Salud, Ambiente y Calidad - HSEQ.Practical case of audit carried out in a company whose industrial activity is the production and marketing of clay-based products for construction, activity with which the compliance of the company is evaluated and verified, respecting the parameters and requirements contemplated in environmental regulations in force and in the Colombian Technical Standard ISO14001: 2015, "Environmental Management Systems"; Therefore, a tour of the facilities is carried out, where an evaluation and analysis of the productive processes, infrastructure and equipment is carried out, accompanied by a documentary review on environmental permits, control records and environmental prevention. Based on what has been described above, the pertinent information is obtained to elaborate the degree work, which is demonstrated by a real audit exercise, the knowledge and skills acquired within the option of degree, Diploma of Deepening in Management of the Integrated System of Management in Security, Health, Environment and Quality - HSEQ

Estrategia de las 9 R como pedagogía ambiental para el manejo de residuos en el municipio de Gachalá

Se observa que en el municipio de Gachalá Cundinamarca la recolección y transporte de los residuos no se realiza de forma selectiva, por lo que se hace necesario, desarrollar un sistema ambiental que proporcione la gestión integral de los Residuos sólidos domiciliarios, para de esta forma agrupar, con un enfoque sistémico, acciones que ya se vienen realizando e impulsar nuevas ideas, para el funcionamiento de una gestión ambientalmente segura. Esta propuesta se realizará mediante la estrategia de las 9 R como Pedagogía Ambiental para el Manejo de Residuos en el Municipio de Gachalá, posterior a la aplicación de encuestas de recepción de información en donde se conocerá el nivel de participación ciudadana, con enfoque de investigación cualitativa, identificando comportamientos, y fenómenos educativos y sociales en la población específica, abordando campos de información importantes para el crecimiento ciudadano, aplicando la estrategia nacional de economía circular de las 9R, la cual se basa en un proceso sostenible, donde se espera que los desechos inicien un nuevo ciclo productivo, mediante las alternativas de: repensar, reutilizar, reparar, restaurar, remanufacturar, reducir, reproponer, reciclar y recuperar los residuos generados, para trabajar en la transformación de prácticas cotidianas de educación en cuanto al cuidado del medio ambiente. La población aproximada para la propuesta de proyecto será de un 3% de los habitantes, equivalente a 60 individuos, grupo conformado por madres cabeza de familia, adolescentes, y propietarios de establecimientos de comercio, en un rango de edad de 15 a 60 años.It is observed that in the municipality of Gachalá Cundinamarca the collection and transport of waste is not done selectively, so it is necessary to develop a system environment that provides comprehensive management of household solid waste, for this way to group, with a systemic approach, actions that are already being carried out and promote new ideas, for the operation of an environmentally safe management. This proposal will be carried out through the strategy of the 9 R as Environmental Pedagogy for the Waste Management in the Municipality of Gachalá, after the application of surveys of reception of information where the level of citizen participation will be known, with a focus qualitative research, identifying behaviors, and educational and social phenomena in the specific population, addressing fields of information important for growth citizen, applying the national circular economy strategy of the 9Rs, which is based on a sustainable process, where waste is expected to start a new production cycle, through the alternatives of: rethinking, reusing, repairing, restoring, remanufacturing, reducing, repurposing, recycling and recovering the waste generated, to work on the transformation of daily practices of education regarding the care of the environment. The approximate population for the project proposal will be 3% of the inhabitants, equivalent to 60 individuals, a group made up of single mothers, adolescents, and owners of commercial establishments, in an age range of 15 to 60 years

Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action

Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or “golden rules,” for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice

Factibilidad de la vigilancia de las lesiones por accidentes de tránsito mediante la integración de los conjuntos de datos de la policía y del seguro nacional de salud en la República Dominicana

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of semiautomated linking of road traffic injury (RTI) cases in different data sets in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: The study population consisted of RTI cases in the Dominican Republic in 2010 and were identified in police and health insurance data sets. After duplicates were removed and fatality reporting was corrected by using forensic data, police and health insurance RTI records were linked if they had the same province, collision date, and gender of RTI cases and similar age within five years. A multinomial logistic regression model assessed the likelihood of being in only one of the data sets. RESULTS: One of five records was a duplicate, including 21.1% of 6 396 police and 16.2% of 6 178 insurance records. Health insurance data recorded 43 of 417 deaths as only injured. Capture - recapture estimated that both data sets recorded one of five RTI cases. Characteristics associated with increased likelihood (P < 0.05) of being only in the police data set were female gender [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.5], age ? 16 years (OR = 1.7), collision in the regions of Cibao Northeast (OR = 4.1) and Valdesia (OR = 6.4), day of occurrence from Tuesday to Saturday (ORs from 1.5 to 2.9), month of occurrence from October to December (ORs from 1.6 to 4.5), and occupant of four-wheeled vehicles (OR = 5.4) or trucks (OR = 5.3). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent semiautomated linking procedures were feasible to ascertain the RTI burden in the Dominican Republic and could be improved by standardized coding of police and health insurance RTI reporting.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la factibilidad de la vinculación semiautomática de los registros de casos de lesiones por accidentes de tránsito (LAT) de diferentes conjuntos de datos en países de ingresos bajos y medianos. MÉTODOS: La población de estudio la constituían los casos de LAT ocurridos en la República Dominicana en el 2010 y registrados en los conjuntos de datos de la policía y del seguro nacional de salud. Después de eliminar los casos duplicados y corregir la notificación de defunciones a partir de los datos forenses, se vincularon los registros de LAT de la policía y el seguro de enfermedad si los casos correspondían a la misma provincia, fecha de colisión y sexo, y la edad era similar con una diferencia no superior a cinco años. Se evaluó la probabilidad de aparecer únicamente en uno de los conjuntos de datos mediante un modelo de regresión logística polinómica. RESULTADOS: Uno de cada cinco registros estaba duplicado (21,1% de los 6 396 registros de la policía y 16,2% de los 6 178 registros del seguro). En el conjunto de datos del seguro nacional de salud se registraron 43 de las 417 defunciones como únicamente lesionados. Mediante el método de captura-recaptura se calculó que en ambos conjuntos de datos se registraban uno de cada cinco casos de LAT. Las características asociadas con una mayor probabilidad (P < 0,05) de aparecer únicamente en el conjunto de datos de la policía fueron el sexo femenino (razón de posibilidades ajustada [OR] = 2,5), la edad ? 16 años (OR = 1,7), la colisión en las regiones del nordeste de Cibao (OR = 4,1) y Valdesia (OR = 6,4), el día del accidente de martes a sábado (OR de 1,5 a 2,9), el mes del accidente de octubre a diciembre (OR de 1,6 a 4,5) y los ocupantes de vehículos de cuatro ruedas (OR = 5,4) o camiones (OR = 5,3). CONCLUSIONES: Los procedimientos sistemáticos de vinculación semiautomatizada se mostraron factibles para evaluar la carga de LAT en la República Dominicana, y se podrían mejorar mediante la codificación estandarizada de las notificaciones de LAT de la policía y del seguro nacional de salud

Predicting infections using computational intelligence – A systematic review

Infections encompass a set of medical conditions of very diverse kinds that can pose a significant risk to health, and even death. As with many other diseases, early diagnosis can help to provide patients with proper care to minimize the damage produced by the disease, or to isolate them to avoid the risk of spread. In this context, computational intelligence can be useful to predict the risk of infection in patients, raising early alarms that can aid medical teams to respond as quick as possible. In this paper, we survey the state of the art on infection prediction using computer science by means of a systematic literature review. The objective is to find papers where computational intelligence is used to predict infections in patients using physiological data as features. We have posed one major research question along with nine specific subquestions. The whole review process is thoroughly described, and eight databases are considered which index most of the literature published in different scholarly formats. A total of 101 relevant documents have been found in the period comprised between 2003 and 2019, and a detailed study of these documents is carried out to classify the works and answer the research questions posed, resulting to our best knowledge in the most comprehensive study of its kind. We conclude that the most widely addressed infection is by far sepsis, followed by Clostridium difficile infection and surgical site infections. Most works use machine learning techniques, from which logistic regression, support vector machines, random forest and naive Bayes are the most common. Some machine learning works provide some ideas on the problems of small data and class imbalance, which can be of interest. The current systematic literature review shows that automatic diagnosis of infectious diseases using computational intelligence is well documented in the medical literature

Diseño de un sistema para la comunicación entre vehículos que conforman el sistema de transporte público basado en el uso de redes AD-HOC vehiculares (VANETS)

Aunado al crecimiento de la ciudad est&aacute;n las necesidades de transporte p&uacute;blico. Este es el caso de la ciudad de Caracas, donde el sistema de transporte superficial, constituido por autobuses, minibuses y r&uacute;sticos, trabaja de forma desarticulada, carece de control y fiscalizaci&oacute;n, consume tiempos de recorrido muy largos debido al gran volumen de tr&aacute;fico vehicular, adem&aacute;s de ser inseguro. Las unidades de transporte no cuentan con dispositivos de comunicaci&oacute;n, ni con una red de comunicaci&oacute;n articulada que permita intercambiar informaci&oacute;n; tal como ubicaci&oacute;n del veh&iacute;culo, condiciones de tr&aacute;fico, condiciones viales, condiciones del tiempo, incidentes de seguridad, entre otros, ni entre ellos ni con sus supervisores. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un prototipo de un sistema de comunicaci&oacute;n entre unidades de transporte p&uacute;blico basado en el uso de las Redes Ad-Hoc Vehiculares (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks, VANETs). Dicho desarrollo involucra un m&eacute;todo para la caracterizaci&oacute;n del tr&aacute;fico vehicular de la ciudad, el dise&ntilde;o e implementaci&oacute;n de un dispositivo para la comunicaci&oacute;n inter vehicular que soporta el est&aacute;ndar IEEE 802.11p, prueba del dispositivo en ambientes reales controlados y el estudio de la red utilizando diversos protocolos de enrutamiento. Los resultados de este trabajo son un punto de partida para la implantaci&oacute;n de un sistema de comunicaci&oacute;n inter vehicular para la flota de unidades que forman el transporte p&uacute;blico del Distrito Metropolitano de Caracas y de otras ciudades del pa&iacute;s

Real‐world KINDLE‐Latin America subset data on treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with stage III non‐small‐cell lung cancer

Abstract Introduction Stage III non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management is challenging given the heterogeneous nature of the disease. The LATAM subset of the real‐world, global KINDLE study reported the treatment patterns and clinical outcomes for LATAM from the pre‐immuno‐oncology era. Methods The study was conducted in seven countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay) in stage III NSCLC (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition) diagnosed between January 2013 and December 2017. Retrospective data from patients' medical records (index date to the end of follow‐up) were collected. Summary statistics, Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and a two‐sided 95% confidence interval (CI) were provided. Cox proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multi‐variate analyses. Results A total of 231 patients was enrolled, the median age was 65.0 years (range 21.0–89.0), 60.6% were males, 76.6% had smoking history, 64.0% had adenocarcinoma and 28.7% underwent curative resection. Multiple treatment regimens (>25) were used; chemotherapy alone was the most common (24.8%). The overall median progression‐free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were 14.8 months (95% CI, 12.1–18.6) and 48.6 months (95% CI, 34.7 to not calculable). Significantly better mPFS and mOS were observed for stage IIIA with curative surgery and resectable tumours and stage IIIB with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 0/1, female gender, resectable tumours, adenocarcinoma and curative surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusion Results show diversity in treatment practices and the corresponding clinical outcomes in stage III NSCLC. There is a need to streamline treatment selection and sequencing to decrease relapse rates after initial therapy

Hegemonía y proceso de acumulación capitalista en Latinoamérica hoy (2001-2007) : el caso argentino

Este texto el resultado del trabajo de tres años de una investigación colectiva, procesada en cuatro equipos de trabajo para analizar la situación del capitalismo contemporáneo entre los años 2001 y 2007, particularmente desde la experiencia argentina. El objetivo de nuestra actividad es contribuir a la mejor comprensión de la realidad socio económica del capitalismo contemporáneo para su transformación, siendo una tarea que se desarrolla desde la investigación participativa, es decir, con el movimiento popular, no desde afuera. Esta publicación tiene el objetivo de contribuir a la crítica del capitalismo de nuestra época y en definitiva, hacia la transformación revolucionaria de la sociedad capitalista